Sad to say, unless im an idiot and missed it, that post gave me nothing on downloading the game onto my computer. So uh, thanks for trying, but that didnt turn out too helpful.
Ah, sorry about that. I skimmed your post and missed the critical points that made your problem distinct from the other problems that include black pages and the same thing happening over and over again.
CoC doesn't actually open up a separate game engine to run in, it runs off the browser's installed flash version. Functionally, this means you aren't exactly downloading the game, but the link to it. So if you right click on the link that says "Download" and save it to your computer all you are doing is saving the "play" link to your hard drive.
As far as I can tell, you can't open the game by clicking on the link, so you'll need to enable flash all the time, directions in the link in my first post. If that doesn't work I will be unable to help.